The Soccer Game

Siyabonga

Prior work on image description includes Farhadi et al. (2010), Kulkarni et al. (2011), Kuznetsova et al. (2012, 2014), Li et al. (2011), Mitchell et al. (2012) and Socher et al. (2014). Recently image description has gained increased attention with work such as that of Chen and Zitnick (2015), Donahue et al. (2015), Fang et al. (2015), Karpathy and Fei-Fei (2015), Kiros et al. (2014, 2015), Mao et al. (2015), Vinyals et al. (2015) and Xu et al. (2015a). Much of the recent work has relied on Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and in particular on long short-term memory networks (LSTMs). New datasets have been released, such as the Flickr30k (Young et al. 2014) and MS COCO Captions (Chen et al. 2015), where Chen et al. (2015) also presents a standardized protocol for image captioning evaluation. Other work has analyzed the performance of recent methods, e.g. Devlin et al. (2015) compare them with respect to the novelty of generated descriptions, while also exploring a nearest neighbor baseline that improves over recent methods.